Wat does FH investigate?
Hydrodynamics
Our hydrodynamic research focuses on the tides, tidal currents, waves and saltwater intrusion from coasts and estuaries. We mainly study the hydrodynamics of the North Sea and the Scheldt estuary, but other areas are also investigated to expand our knowledge of processes. We utilise field measurements, physical model tests and numerical simulations.
To balance the computing time and level of detail, a flexible numerical modelling tool is required to both understand the entire system as well as make detailed conclusions about specific locations. In addition to using commercial and open source software, Flanders Hydraulics also develops proprietary tools and schematisations tailored to the coastal and Scheldt research.
To address concerns regarding saltwater intrusion, a 2D representation is often insufficient. For this, Flanders Hydraulics uses complex 3D models that, for instance, can demonstrate the water column variation.
Cohesive sediment
Research into cohesive sediment (silt) provides Flanders Hydraulics with better understanding of sediment transport, sediment consolidation and turbidity.
The characteristics and movement of sediment volumes that we identify are not only used for dredging. Knowledge of the rheology (nautical bottom) is also important for determining the manoeuvrability and boundary conditions which provide ships safe access to the ports. Research into cohesive sediment by Flanders Hydraulics also has significant economic importance.
To gain insight in the possibility of a regime shift towards a hyperturbid state in the Schelde estuary, the behaviour of cohesive sediment transport (mud) is compared with other European estuaries. Together with our partners, we conduct research on tipping points for sediment transport in the estuary to ensure a sustainable, safe and accessible estuary.
Morphodynamics
In morphodynamic studies of the coast, Flanders Hydraulics investigates both longitudinal transport and transverse transport. Transverse transport studies focus on foreshore, beach and dune erosion caused by storms. With this knowledge, we support coastal safety and help create sustainable coastal defences.
The morphological evolution of sandbanks near the coast and channels and sandbars in estuaries are also among our expertise. Our knowledge about the morphology of estuaries is important to guarantee the accessibility of the ports, to propose sustainable flood protection and to maintain the naturalness of the estuary. Therefore, understanding the long-term evolution of the estuary and the coastal zone is crucial.
Projects
ENDURE sand dunes project
ENDURE is a €2.1m project co-financed by ERDF through the INTERREG Two Seas Programme 2014-2020. Norfolk County Council is the lead partner, working with partners in Belgium, France and the Netherlands.
Idealised modelling of estuaries
For geometrically idealised estuaries mathematical methods are used to investigate the expected effects of deepening of the estuary, with regard to tidal penetration, salt intrusion and residual currents which are of great importance for the SPM dynamics.
Habitat mapping
Relationships are established between abiotic features of the physical system and species of plants and animals. This research is being carried out in partnership with the Flemish Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO).
Evolution of sediment concentration in Sea Scheldt
Data from years of monitoring of the SPM concentration is being investigated for possible evolutions of the physical system of the Sea Scheldt, with particular attention to the long-term evolution of the average SPM concentration.
Investigate how eroding beaches can be maintained in an efficient way
As a result of storms but also gradually by the continuous action of currents and waves beaches can suffer from erosion. By in situ monitoring and mathematical modeling one develops understanding of the driving forces of this erosion.
Studying the occurrence of waves at different locations such as coastal ports or near sea walls
A wave climate describes the general characteristics of waves on a specific location and over a period of time:
Formulating measures to protect the coastal area from flooding
The Masterplan Coastal Safety is a project of the Flemish Government to protect our coast from flooding until 2050. Weak links in the coastal defences will be strengthened so that everywhere at least a level of protection against a super storm with a 1000-year return period is achieved.